What Is Diastema? Causes, Treatment & Prevention
A gap between the teeth, most often seen between the upper front teeth, is called a diastema. While many people consider it a cosmetic concern, diastema can also indicate underlying oral health issues. This blog post will explore what diastema is, its causes, available treatment options, and how it can be prevented.
What Is Diastema?
Diastema refers to a noticeable space or gap between two teeth. It can occur in both children and adults and may affect any teeth, though it is most commonly seen between the upper central incisors.
Some people embrace their gap-toothed smiles as unique features, while others seek treatment for aesthetic or functional reasons. In children, diastema is often temporary as their permanent teeth grow in. However, in adults, a persistent diastema may require dental intervention.
Types of Diastema
There are different types of diastema based on their location and cause:
- Midline Diastema: This is the most common type, located between the upper front teeth.
- Lateral Diastema: Occurs between the side teeth (laterals and canines).
- Multiple Diastemata: Gaps appear between several teeth across the dental arch.
Understanding the type of diastema can help determine the most effective treatment approach.
Common Causes of Diastema
There are several potential causes of diastema, including:
1. Genetics
Genetics play a major role in tooth and jaw development. If a person inherits a jaw that is too large for their teeth, gaps can form.
2. Mismatch Between Tooth Size and Jaw Size
When teeth are too small for the size of the jawbone, spacing issues may occur.
3. Labial Frenum Issues
The labial frenum is the tissue that connects the upper lip to the gums. If this tissue is too large or extends between the front teeth, it can prevent the teeth from coming together, causing a gap.
4. Thumb Sucking or Tongue Thrusting
Oral habits like thumb sucking or tongue thrusting can push the front teeth forward, creating a gap.
5. Gum Disease
Periodontal (gum) disease can cause the bone supporting the teeth to deteriorate, leading to loose teeth and gaps.
6. Tooth Loss
Missing teeth, especially if not replaced, can cause neighboring teeth to shift, leading to gaps.
Diagnosis of Diastema
A dentist can easily identify a diastema during a routine dental exam. They may take X-rays to check for underlying issues such as:
- Tooth misalignment
- Bone loss
- Impacted or missing teeth
- Enlarged labial frenum
In some cases, additional imaging or orthodontic evaluations may be recommended.
Is Diastema Harmful?
Not always. In many cases, diastema is purely a cosmetic concern and doesn't affect oral health. However, it may be problematic if:
- It results from gum disease or bone loss
- It affects bite alignment
- It causes speech difficulties
- It increases the risk of food getting trapped, leading to decay or gum issues
For these reasons, it's important to have a dentist assess the cause and recommend appropriate treatment.
Treatment Options for Diastema
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the gap, the patient's age, and their cosmetic goals. Here are the most common solutions:
1. Orthodontic Treatment (Braces or Clear Aligners)
Orthodontics is a widely used and effective method for closing gaps. Options include:
- Traditional metal braces: Effective for complex spacing issues.
- Clear aligners (e.g., Invisalign): Popular for adults and teens seeking a discreet option.
Orthodontics gradually shifts teeth into the proper position, closing gaps and improving alignment.
2. Dental Bonding
Dental bonding involves applying a tooth-colored resin to the sides of the teeth to fill in gaps. This is a quick, non-invasive, and affordable option for small diastemata.
Pros:
- Painless
- Completed in one visit
- Cost-effective
Cons:
- Not as durable as other options
- May discolor over time
3. Veneers
Porcelain veneers are thin shells that are bonded to the front surface of teeth. They can close gaps, correct discoloration, and reshape teeth for a more even appearance.
Pros:
- Natural-looking
- Long-lasting
- Stain-resistant
Cons:
- More expensive than bonding
- Requires some enamel removal
4. Dental Crowns
In some cases, especially when there are additional concerns like worn-down or damaged teeth, crowns can be used to close gaps while also restoring strength and function.
5. Frenectomy
If the diastema is caused by an oversized labial frenum, a surgical procedure called a frenectomy may be recommended. After the procedure, orthodontic treatment may be needed to close the gap.
6. Dental Implants or Bridges
If the gap is due to a missing tooth, a dental implant or bridge can replace the missing tooth and prevent other teeth from shifting.
Preventing Diastema
While not all causes of diastema are preventable, here are steps you can take to reduce the risk:
- Maintain excellent oral hygiene to prevent gum disease.
- Address oral habits early in children (e.g., thumb sucking, tongue thrusting).
- Have regular dental checkups to monitor jaw development and tooth alignment.
- Replace missing teeth promptly to prevent shifting.
- Follow orthodontic recommendations, especially for children with early spacing issues.
Diastema in Children vs. Adults
Children:
In young children, diastema between the front teeth is common and often temporary. As permanent teeth come in, the gap may close naturally. Dentists typically monitor the situation and only recommend treatment if the gap persists or is linked to other issues.
Adults:
Diastema in adults is less likely to resolve on its own and is more commonly treated for cosmetic or functional reasons. Adult treatment often involves a combination of cosmetic and orthodontic procedures.
When to See a Dentist
You should consult a dentist if:
- You are concerned about the appearance of a gap between your teeth.
- The gap is causing difficulty in speaking or eating.
- You notice bleeding gums, bad breath, or loose teeth (signs of gum disease).
- A gap suddenly appears or becomes larger over time.
Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve your oral health and confidence.
Living With Diastema
Some people choose not to treat their diastema, especially if it does not cause any functional issues. In fact, certain cultures view diastema as a sign of beauty or luck.
However, if the gap affects your self-esteem or oral health, there are many effective and safe options available. Your dentist can help guide you to the best solution for your needs and goals.
Final Thoughts
Diastema is a common dental condition that can have both cosmetic and health implications. Whether you’re looking to correct a gap for appearance, comfort, or oral function, modern dentistry offers several effective treatments. From braces and bonding to veneers and implants, there’s a solution for every case.
If you’re considering treatment for diastema, Schwimmer Dental is here to help you explore your options and achieve a healthier, more confident smile. Our experienced team provides personalized care tailored to your individual needs.
FAQs About Diastema
Can diastema close on its own?
In children, gaps often close naturally as permanent teeth erupt. In adults, diastema usually requires treatment to close.
Is diastema a sign of gum disease?
Not always. While diastema can result from bone loss due to gum disease, it can also be caused by genetics, habits, or missing teeth. A dental exam can determine the cause.
What is the fastest way to close a diastema?
For small gaps, dental bonding or veneers can offer immediate results. For larger or multiple gaps, orthodontic treatment is often the most effective long-term solution.
Sources:
- https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/what-is-diastema
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11941287/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4409805/
- https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21482-gum-periodontal-disease
- https://www.healthline.com/health/frenectomy
